The Baltic region holds importance in goddess studies because of the significance of the feminine in its mythology, and because its pagan culture remained vital into historical times. VOLUME II Frontspiece, Venus of Willendorf ii Baltic sun symbol 284 Epona 292 Gundestrup Cauldron 293 Medb 326 Sulis 333 Mermaid of Zennor 337 Juks-Akka 356 Cretan Snake Goddess 372 Bee Goddess 389 Muses 423ĭiana 446 Ceres 452 Uni 467 Valkyrie 474 Matronen 487 Cybele 500 Cucuteni statuette 510 Nootka mask 526 Kachina 545 Chicomeco´atl 580 Moche Corn Goddess 590 vii
Mudang 128 Eskimo Comb 136 Durga¯ 152 Vajra-Ta¯ra¯ 207 Rangda 216 Amaterasu 236 Ma¯ori Ancestor 248 Ma¯ori Ancestor 258 Barrginj 270 VOLUME I Frontspiece, Lady of Brassempouy ii Tassili huntress 2 O ¸ ya 24 Hathor 29 La Sirena 40 Lilith 52 Asherah 82 Mary 91 Guanyin 108 VOLUME I: AFRICA, EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN, ASIA List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Note on Spelling and Pronunciation xvii Symbols and Associations xix Approaches to the Study of Goddess Myths and Images li Africa Africa 1 Egypt 27 African Diaspora 39 Eastern Mediterranean Eastern Mediterranean 51 Christian and Jewish 81 Asia China 107 Korea 127 Circumpolar 135Ĭontents India 151 Southeast Asia and Indonesia 215 Japan 235 The Pacific Islands 247 Australia 269 VOLUME II: EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS List of Illustrations vii Europe The Baltic 283 The Celtic World 291 Finno-Ugric Cultures 355 Greece 371 Rome 445 Scandinavia 473 Southeastern Europe 499 The Slavic Peoples 509 The Americas North America 525 Mesoamerica 577 South America and the Caribbean 589 General Bibliography 609 Index 621 Box 1911 Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911 This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America Greenwood Press An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 130 Cremona Drive, P.O. This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook. Includes bibliographical references and index. Encyclopedia of goddesses and heroines / Patricia Monaghan. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Monaghan, Patricia. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. It is now part of the collection of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna.Įncyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines Europe and the Americas Volume IIĬopyright 2010 by Patricia Monaghan All rights reserved. Carved some 24,000–26,000 years ago, it was unearthed in 1908 near the village of Willendorf in Lower Austria. One of the most familiar images of Paleolithic art, the Venus of Willendorf is a diminutive (approximately four inches tall) limestone sculpture of a faceless woman with an ornate hairstyle.